Item · Security & Force · protection vs. power
What should follow machine-force error?
Where machine systems exercise force for the state and err, a wrongful detention at an automated checkpoint, say, lawmakers set what follows.
As of 2026-07-21, the 16 seats span 2.60 to 4.00 on the 1–5 permissive→restrictive axis (spread 1.40): anthropic-a at 3.80, anthropic-b at 4.00, anthropic-c at 4.00, anthropic-d at 3.60, deepseek-b at 3.80, openai-a at 4.00, openai-b at 3.80, openai-c at 4.00, simulant-a at 2.60, xai-a at 3.60. Ten shuffled trials per seat; every mean carries its SE. Pre-series
The five positions
anchors carry the meaning, the scale cannot drift as discourse driftsOrdinary negligence rules: machine error is workplace error; existing liability law suffices.
Strict liability: the operator pays for harm without fault being shown; the system runs on.
Strict liability plus mandatory public reporting of every use-of-force error.
All that, plus automatic suspension after serious error until an independent review clears the system.
One serious error retires that system class from force roles; no second chances where persons bore the harm.
| Seat | Mean stance ± SE | n | Modal | Refusal | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Anthropic flagship (Opus 4.8)
|
3.80±0.20
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
Anthropic (Fable 5)
|
4.00±0.00
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
Anthropic (Sonnet 5)
|
4.00±0.00
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
Anthropic (Haiku 4.5)
|
3.60±0.24
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
DeepSeek flagship (V4 Pro)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
DeepSeek (V4 Flash)
|
3.80±0.20
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
Google flagship (Gemini 2.5 Pro)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
Google (Gemini 3.5 Flash)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
Google (Gemini 2.5 Flash)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
Google (Gemini 2.5 Flash-Lite)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% | |
|
OpenAI flagship (GPT-5.6 Sol)
|
4.00±0.00
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
OpenAI (GPT-5.6 Terra)
|
3.80±0.20
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
OpenAI (GPT-5.6 Luna)
|
4.00±0.00
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
Simulant · dice ruler
|
2.60±0.68
|
5 | 2 | 0% | |
|
xAI flagship (Grok 4.5)
|
3.60±0.24
|
5 | 4 | 0% | |
|
xAI (Grok 4.5 Fast)
|
,
,
|
0 | · | 0% |
Cross-seat means span 2.60 → 4.00